This report reviews the environmental, economic, and social performance of electric two-wheelers, and demonstrates that these are generally more energy efficient and less polluting than conventionally-powered motor vehicles. 

Project Cerulean - a digital image prior to construction.

A short report on the application of coconut fuel use by the Tobolar Copra Processing Authority.

Key policy insights: .

-Wind propulsion can contribute to a decarbonization pathway for the shipping industry 

-This technology can be pursued from both ‘ecomodernist’ and ‘degrowth’ perspectives 

- It is unlikely that either technological innovation or reduced demand alone will bring down shipping emissions to net-zero quickly enough, thus a combination of both may need to be considered to meet emissions reductions targets

Historically, limited options have been available to displace liquid petroleum fuels such as kerosene, gasoline and diesel. However, recent market developments have changed this situation. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas, including compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG), are increasingly offering economical, low-emission interim solutions in the transition from liquid petroleum fuels towards renewable energy. Gas use in stationary power, trucks, cars, buses and ships is now well-established globally and technologies are commercially available. The study assesses the potential and economic feasibility of LPG, LNG or CNG to meet medium term energy needs in PICTs. It considers the end-use applications of power generation, process heating, maritime transport, land transport, cooking and water heating.

Ahoka's thesis is a case study that aims to assess the potential of improvement in the fleet energy efficiency of 49 Medium Range Tankers and how the implementation of the voyage optimisation process would affect the overall economics of the shipowner.  The results of the case study show that the potential in fuel saving and emission reduction can be 11.5 to 28% depending on the optimisation strategy. A reduction in fuel costs can increase the average daily revenue performance of the fleet of up to 7.2% to 17.8% 

To improve energy efficiency of ships, initiatives have been taken by the international and regional regulatory bodies, ship owners, shipping lines, and other involved stakeholders. While existing literature has investigated ship energy efficiency from different perspectives, a comprehensive review on measures, practices, policies, feasibility, and alternatives remains absent. This study presents a retrospective review of ship energy efficiency literature by utilizing a hybrid review method that combines bibliometric and content analysis approaches. For bibliometric analysis, the bibliometrix package in the R software was used in combination with the VOSviewer software. The outcomes of bibliometric analysis are the most ranked articles, journals, authors, and institutions related to ship energy efficiency research. The bibliographic coupling analysis identified five research clusters: (1) decarbonization and emission reduction measures, (2) speed management, (3) policy and regulations, (4) economic and organizational factors, and (5) alternative energy sources. Future research directions are proposed for each cluster.

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652622024817?via%3Dihub